Connect to Azure SQL Database

This page describes how consuming apps connect to an Azure SQL Database resource that’s already modeled in your AppHost. For the AppHost API surface — adding an Azure SQL server, databases, running as a local container, managed identity, and more — see Azure SQL Database Hosting integration.

When you reference an Azure SQL Database resource from your AppHost, Aspire injects the connection information into the consuming app as environment variables. Your app can either read those environment variables directly — the pattern works the same from any language — or, in C#, use the Aspire SQL Server client integration for automatic dependency injection, health checks, and telemetry.

Connection properties

Aspire exposes each property as an environment variable named [RESOURCE]_[PROPERTY]. For instance, the Uri property of a resource called database becomes DATABASE_URI.

Azure SQL server resource

The Azure SQL server resource exposes the following connection properties:

Property Name	Description
Host	The fully qualified domain name of the Azure SQL Server
Port	The SQL Server port (1433 for Azure)
Uri	The connection URI, with the format mssql://{Host}:{Port}
JdbcConnectionString	JDBC connection string, with the format jdbc:sqlserver://{Host}:{Port};encrypt=true;trustServerCertificate=false

Example connection strings:

Uri: mssql://myserver.database.windows.net:1433
JdbcConnectionString: jdbc:sqlserver://myserver.database.windows.net:1433;encrypt=true;trustServerCertificate=false

Azure SQL database resource

The Azure SQL database resource inherits all properties from its parent server resource and adds:

Property Name	Description
DatabaseName	The name of the database
Uri	The connection URI with the database name, with the format mssql://{Host}:{Port}/{DatabaseName}
JdbcConnectionString	JDBC connection string with the database name, with the format jdbc:sqlserver://{Host}:{Port};database={DatabaseName};encrypt=true;trustServerCertificate=false

Example connection strings:

Uri: mssql://myserver.database.windows.net:1433/mydb
JdbcConnectionString: jdbc:sqlserver://myserver.database.windows.net:1433;database=mydb;encrypt=true;trustServerCertificate=false

टिप्पणी

Azure SQL Database uses Azure Active Directory authentication (managed identity) when deployed to Azure — no username or password is injected. When you use RunAsContainer for local development, the connection string includes SQL authentication credentials instead. For JDBC connections, add the appropriate authentication property such as authentication=ActiveDirectoryDefault or authentication=ActiveDirectoryManagedIdentity.

Connect from your app

Pick the language your consuming app is written in. Each example assumes your AppHost adds an Azure SQL database resource named database and references it from the consuming app.

C#

For C# apps, the recommended approach is the Aspire SQL Server client integration. It registers a SqlConnection through dependency injection and adds health checks and telemetry automatically. If you’d rather read environment variables directly, see the Read environment variables section at the end of this tab.

Install the client integration

Install the 📦 Aspire.Microsoft.Data.SqlClient NuGet package in the client-consuming project:

.NET CLI

.NET CLI — Add Aspire.Microsoft.Data.SqlClient package

dotnet add package Aspire.Microsoft.Data.SqlClient

Program.cs (C# file-based app)

Program.cs

#:package Aspire.Microsoft.Data.SqlClient@*

PackageReference (*.csproj)

XML — Add Aspire.Microsoft.Data.SqlClient package reference

<PackageReference Include="Aspire.Microsoft.Data.SqlClient" Version="*" />

Add the SQL Server client

In Program.cs, call AddSqlServerClient on your IHostApplicationBuilder to register a SqlConnection:

C# — Program.cs

builder.AddSqlServerClient(connectionName: "database");

संकेत

The connectionName must match the Azure SQL database resource name from the AppHost. For more information, see Add Azure SQL server resource and database.

Resolve the connection through dependency injection:

C# — ExampleService.cs

public class ExampleService(SqlConnection connection)
{
    // Use connection...
}

Add keyed SQL Server clients

To register multiple SqlConnection instances with different connection names, use AddKeyedSqlServerClient:

C# — Program.cs

builder.AddKeyedSqlServerClient(name: "primary-db");
builder.AddKeyedSqlServerClient(name: "secondary-db");

Then resolve each instance by key:

C# — ExampleService.cs

public class ExampleService(
    [FromKeyedServices("primary-db")] SqlConnection primaryConnection,
    [FromKeyedServices("secondary-db")] SqlConnection secondaryConnection)
{
    // Use connections...
}

For more information on keyed services, see .NET dependency injection: Keyed services.

Configuration

The Aspire SQL Server client integration offers multiple ways to provide configuration.

Connection strings. When using a connection string from the ConnectionStrings configuration section, pass the connection name to AddSqlServerClient:

C# — Program.cs

builder.AddSqlServerClient("database");

The connection string is resolved from the ConnectionStrings section:

JSON — appsettings.json

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "database": "Server=myserver.database.windows.net;Database=mydb;Authentication=Active Directory Default;Encrypt=True"
  }
}

For more information on connection string format, see SqlConnection.ConnectionString.

Configuration providers. The client integration supports Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration. It loads MicrosoftDataSqlClientSettings from appsettings.json (or any other configuration source) by using the Aspire:Microsoft:Data:SqlClient key:

JSON — appsettings.json

{
  "Aspire": {
    "Microsoft": {
      "Data": {
        "SqlClient": {
          "DisableHealthChecks": false,
          "DisableTracing": false,
          "DisableMetrics": false
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Inline delegates. Pass an Action<MicrosoftDataSqlClientSettings> to configure settings inline, for example to disable health checks:

C# — Program.cs

builder.AddSqlServerClient(
    "database",
    static settings => settings.DisableHealthChecks = true);

Client integration health checks

Aspire client integrations enable health checks by default. The SQL Server client integration adds:

• A health check that attempts to connect to the Azure SQL Database instance and execute a command.
• Integration with the /health HTTP endpoint, where all registered health checks must pass before the app is considered ready to accept traffic.

Observability and telemetry

The Aspire SQL Server client integration automatically configures logging, tracing, and metrics through OpenTelemetry.

Logging: The SQL Server client integration currently doesn’t enable logging by default due to limitations of the SqlClient.

Tracing activities:

• OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.SqlClient

Metrics from Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.EventSource:

• active-hard-connections
• hard-connects
• hard-disconnects
• active-soft-connects
• soft-connects
• soft-disconnects
• number-of-non-pooled-connections
• number-of-pooled-connections
• number-of-active-connection-pool-groups
• number-of-inactive-connection-pool-groups
• number-of-active-connection-pools
• number-of-inactive-connection-pools
• number-of-active-connections
• number-of-free-connections
• number-of-stasis-connections
• number-of-reclaimed-connections

Any of these telemetry features can be disabled through the configuration options above.

Read environment variables in C#

If you prefer not to use the Aspire client integration, you can read the Aspire-injected connection URI from the environment and open a connection using 📦 Microsoft.Data.SqlClient:

C# — Program.cs

using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;

var connectionString = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DATABASE_URI");

await using var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
await connection.OpenAsync();

// Use connection to query the database...

Go

Use the microsoft/go-mssqldb driver, Microsoft’s officially maintained Go driver for SQL Server and Azure SQL Database:

Terminal

go get github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb

Read the injected environment variable and connect:

Go — main.go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "database/sql"
    "os"

    _ "github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb"
)

func main() {
    // Read the Aspire-injected connection URI
    connStr := os.Getenv("DATABASE_URI")

    db, err := sql.Open("mssql", connStr)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer db.Close()

    if err := db.PingContext(context.Background()); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

टिप्पणी

When connecting to Azure SQL Database in production, you need to use Azure Active Directory authentication. The microsoft/go-mssqldb driver supports Azure AD authentication via the azuread package. See the driver documentation for details.

Python

Install pyodbc and the Microsoft ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server:

Terminal

pip install pyodbc

टिप्पणी

You also need to install the ODBC driver separately. For platform-specific instructions, see Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server.

Read the injected environment variables and connect using Azure Active Directory Default authentication:

Python — app.py

import os
import pyodbc

# Read Aspire-injected connection properties
sql_host = os.getenv("DATABASE_HOST")
sql_port = os.getenv("DATABASE_PORT", "1433")
sql_database = os.getenv("DATABASE_DATABASENAME")

connection_string = (
    f"DRIVER={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};"
    f"SERVER={sql_host},{sql_port};"
    f"DATABASE={sql_database};"
    "Authentication=ActiveDirectoryDefault;"
    "Encrypt=yes;"
)

conn = pyodbc.connect(connection_string)
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Use cursor to query the database...

संकेत

When using RunAsContainer for local development, the resource injects USERNAME and PASSWORD environment variables that you can use for SQL authentication instead of ActiveDirectoryDefault.

TypeScript

Install the mssql npm package, the most popular SQL Server and Azure SQL client for Node.js:

Terminal

npm install mssql
npm install --save-dev @types/mssql

Read the injected environment variables and connect:

TypeScript — index.ts

import sql from 'mssql';

// Read Aspire-injected connection properties
const config: sql.config = {
    server: process.env.DATABASE_HOST!,
    port: Number(process.env.DATABASE_PORT),
    database: process.env.DATABASE_DATABASENAME,
    authentication: {
        type: 'azure-active-directory-default',
    },
    options: {
        encrypt: true,
    },
};

const pool = await sql.connect(config);

// Use pool to query the database...

Or use the connection URI directly:

TypeScript — Connect with URI

import sql from 'mssql';

const pool = await sql.connect(process.env.DATABASE_URI!);

संकेत

When using RunAsContainer for local development, use SQL authentication instead. Set authentication.type to 'default' and supply process.env.DATABASE_USERNAME and process.env.DATABASE_PASSWORD.

संकेत

If your app expects specific environment variable names different from the Aspire defaults, you can pass individual connection properties from the AppHost using WithEnvironment (C#) or withEnvironment (TypeScript).